幾年前,許多高層建筑消防工程設計沒有引起設計師的注意。設計師只是盲目按照甲方要求的建筑結構和想象力進行設計,沒有考慮消防安全,大部分地方建筑設計未經消防審核驗收就投入使用,問題很多。例如,主廠房中沒有主動消防系統
建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防火(huo)審(shen)核(he)的(de)(de)目(mu)標之一是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑方(fang)案設計和(he)(he)可行性研究(jiu)時(shi)(shi)提(ti)出問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti),并處理(li)萌(meng)芽(ya)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。但當(dang)時(shi)(shi)消(xiao)防部門在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防火(huo)審(shen)核(he)方(fang)面還(huan)是(shi)遇到(dao)了(le)(le)各種(zhong)困難(nan)。一種(zhong)是(shi)三邊項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu),成(cheng)立單位投資節流項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu),盡快帶來效(xiao)益(yi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工過(guo)程中,設計和(he)(he)施(shi)工同時(shi)(shi)進行,甚至(zhi)擅(shan)自(zi)(zi)改(gai)(gai)變消(xiao)防設備(bei)。例(li)如,廣電局,惠(hui)安(an)(an)縣辦公樓(lou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工過(guo)程中,擅(shan)自(zi)(zi)損壞了(le)(le)消(xiao)防安(an)(an)全(quan)梯(ti)。另一個是(shi)一手項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。經高(gao)領導許可后(hou)再做(zuo)決定,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)領導的(de)(de)威(wei)望下,設置(zhi)防火(huo)距(ju)離、防火(huo)通道、攀爬等要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)無(wu)效(xiao)。如泉州廣海大(da)廈,原設計七層,應(ying)縣領導要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)增加到(dao)十一層。后(hou)果構(gou)成(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑消(xiao)防安(an)(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)。高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑對建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑消(xiao)防和(he)(he)爬坡面的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)遠遠達不(bu)(bu)到(dao)標準,或者高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑與其他高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防火(huo)間距(ju)嚴(yan)重不(bu)(bu)足。這些問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)整改(gai)(gai),只需要(yao)(yao)(yao)拆(chai)除重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。第三,它是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工期間提(ti)交(jiao)審(shen)批的(de)(de)。經審(shen)核(he)無(wu)正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)后(hou),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設過(guo)半,其構(gou)成(cheng)未(wei)按(an)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)設置(zhi),存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)固有隱(yin)患(huan)。例(li)如,中新花園大(da)廈的(de)(de)消(xiao)防審(shen)計是(shi)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)的(de)(de),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)已經進行了(le)(le)一半。部分(fen)防火(huo)分(fen)區應(ying)設置(zhi)無(wu)防火(huo)分(fen)區,但不(bu)(bu)應(ying)增設有松(song)梯(ti)的(de)(de)防火(huo)分(fen)區,構(gou)成(cheng)施(shi)工隱(yin)患(huan)。為了(le)(le)滿(man)足消(xiao)防安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),其中一些不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)被拆(chai)除和(he)(he)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。
當時很多高層建筑都是由私人施工隊承包,具有流動性大、性質差、商業程度低等特點,與高層建筑結構復雜、施工要求高的特點不相適應。特別是對于消防工程的施工,有些中標單位因為沒有消防人才而掛靠其他有才華的單位,施工還是和原來的隊伍一樣,彌補了工程施工質量差的缺點。泉州惠興大廈二類高層建筑投入使用后,三層的主動報警沒有回音。有的施工隊為了盈利,把圖紙改在背面,施工時偷工減料,影響施工的防火功能。一些消防栓、消防水龍帶、防火門、防火卷簾等產品質量低劣,給工程帶來了嚴重的火災隱患。
現(xian)代高(gao)層(ceng)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)內各類(lei)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設備(bei)項目(mu)繁復(fu),淺顯樹(shu)立刻有火警主動(dong)報警系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、主動(dong)噴(pen)水滅(mie)火系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、主動(dong)防(fang)(fang)排煙系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、室表里消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)火栓(shuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、防(fang)(fang)火卷簾操(cao)(cao)作系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),有的(de)(de)(de)還有氣體主動(dong)滅(mie)火系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、雨淋或水幕系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、主動(dong)閉門(men)安(an)裝系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),而那時修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)內的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)治理人(ren)員義(yi)務準則往(wang)往(wang)是因循了以前的(de)(de)(de)保安(an)人(ren)員義(yi)務系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)編制。不(bu)要說(shuo)若(ruo)何去按期維(wei)護、檢測、操(cao)(cao)作上述各類(lei)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設備(bei),有些(xie)治理人(ren)員竟(jing)連滅(mie)火器(qi)能否過時若(ruo)何判別也不(bu)懂(dong)。有的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)層(ceng)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)治理的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)隱患(huan)是指點消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)平(ping)安(an)觀念(nian)冷淡(dan),這(zhe)種(zhong)冷淡(dan)顯示(shi)在單一(yi)(yi)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)主體的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)物上要好一(yi)(yi)些(xie),若(ruo)是兩家以上單元(yuan)共租一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)高(gao)層(ceng)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)時問(wen)題就出來了,修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)上各自(zi)為(wei)營(ying),組成平(ping)安(an)門(men)封鎖(suo),渙散(san)樓(lou)(lou)梯堵(du)死(si),消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)問(wen)題相互(hu)推諉,拖(tuo)而不(bu)決。例如(ru):惠明商(shang)(shang)住大廈(sha),為(wei)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)高(gao)層(ceng)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian),一(yi)(yi)、二層(ceng)為(wei)大型商(shang)(shang)場,區分由兩家單元(yuan)承租,一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)商(shang)(shang)家將平(ping)安(an)門(men)封鎖(suo),二樓(lou)(lou)商(shang)(shang)家將三層(ceng)以上房子的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個渙散(san)樓(lou)(lou)梯堵(du)死(si),在主動(dong)滅(mie)火系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)護維(wei)護上相互(hu)推諉,屢次被消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)部分責令矯正。
微信掃一掃