公安消防部門組織的消防工程驗收主觀認識存在偏差,或者以減少消防工程投資為代價減少整個建設項目投資的主觀意圖存在偏差,或者消防工程產品質量本身不合格,甚至建設單位無法預測工程質量的存在。無論如何,施工單位對消防工程質量的興趣遠遠低于公安消防部門的意見。由于這種錯誤的主觀認識,施工單位沒有一起指出建設單位在消防工程施工中的缺陷,而是在公安消防部門驗收中與建設單位一起隱瞞和處理,以通過消防工程,從而承擔消防工程質量監督角色的錯誤轉變。
雖然(ran)設計單位(wei)在(zai)(zai)設計中能夠嚴格(ge)執行國家《法規消防法》和本工(gong)程(cheng)的消防技術規范(fan),但(dan)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)市場(chang)競爭的需要,過(guo)于(yu)(yu)遷就建(jian)設單位(wei)的要求,沒(mei)有(you)考慮建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)規范(fan)的客觀(guan)情況,導致設計圖紙在(zai)(zai)消防審核中沒(mei)有(you)發現問題,但(dan)在(zai)(zai)實際施工(gong)中,由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)客觀(guan)上的不(bu)可(ke)能性,不(bu)可(ke)能通(tong)過(guo)消防驗(yan)收。
施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)不(bu)(bu)符合(he)設計圖(tu)紙(zhi)和(he)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)施工(gong)(gong)驗收規(gui)(gui)范(fan),不(bu)(bu)按現(xian)行(xing)(xing)國家有關(guan)標準和(he)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)操作,隨(sui)意縮小消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)水管直(zhi)徑,稀(xi)釋防(fang)(fang)火(huo)涂料等(deng)。有的施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)為了獲取工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)訂單不(bu)(bu)惜規(gui)(gui)避違(wei)(wei)法(fa)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui),或(huo)表(biao)現(xian)出明知(zhi)偷工(gong)(gong)減(jian)料降低標準,或(huo)表(biao)現(xian)出縱容甲方違(wei)(wei)法(fa)經(jing)營,共同(tong)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui),導致建(jian)筑防(fang)(fang)災系統安裝施工(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)。市場競爭(zheng)水平不(bu)(bu)明確,相互(hu)競爭(zheng)以(yi)較低價格承包,導致勞動生產率和(he)經(jing)濟效益大幅下降,直(zhi)接危(wei)及消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。還有個體(ti)企業出售資質(zhi)證書和(he)證照,轉包和(he)掛(gua)靠。這些(xie)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)行(xing)(xing)為在(zai)一定意義上對市場秩序危(wei)害更大,消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)難以(yi)保(bao)證。
城市(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)布局不(bu)合(he)理。隨(sui)著城市(shi)化(hua)戰略(lve)的不(bu)斷推進,小城鎮的建(jian)(jian)設(she)速度(du)、規模和工業化(hua)進程(cheng)都在(zai)加快。然而,在(zai)小城鎮建(jian)(jian)設(she)過程(cheng)中,沒(mei)有合(he)理考慮(lv)或未能按要求實(shi)施消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)規劃和建(jian)(jian)設(she)的問題凸顯出來。特別是鄉鎮調(diao)整合(he)并后(hou),消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)規劃沒(mei)有及(ji)時制定,導致城市(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)規劃和公(gong)共(gong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)明顯滯后(hou)于(yu)城市(shi)發展速度(du)。以南通市(shi)為例,公(gong)共(gong)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)中存在(zai)的問題是:老城區和鄉鎮消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)通道不(bu)暢(chang)通,易燃易爆危(wei)險品營(ying)業點設(she)置不(bu)合(he)理,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水源匱乏,公(gong)安消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)站(zhan)保護半(ban)徑過大,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安全保障(zhang)程(cheng)度(du)低(di)。
城市(shi)公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)投資(zi)不(bu)足。雖然《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法》、《城市(shi)規劃(hua)(hua)法》、《消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)事(shi)業發展“十一(yi)五”規劃(hua)(hua)》等法律(lv)和法規對消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)全布(bu)局、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)站、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)供水(shui)、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)車通(tong)道、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)通(tong)信(xin)等公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)有明(ming)確規定,但由于資(zi)金(jin)不(bu)足或其(qi)他原因(yin),各地在公共消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)實施(shi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)存在欠(qian)債現(xian)象。比(bi)如近(jin)年來(lai)南通(tong)舊城改造和新城建(jian)設(she),消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)道路(lu)和水(shui)源同(tong)步建(jian)設(she),但由于資(zi)金(jin)不(bu)足,消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)站、消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)備等工程(cheng)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)進展緩慢。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公共消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程設(she)(she)施(shi)維(wei)護措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)到位。由于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公共消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程設(she)(she)施(shi)維(wei)護措(cuo)施(shi)不(bu)到位、舊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區拆遷掩埋(mai)、街道拓寬和(he)有關(guan)部(bu)門建(jian)設(she)(she)用地等(deng)原因,一些單(dan)位和(he)個人(ren)擅自占(zhan)用、損(sun)壞市(shi)政公共消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)程設(she)(she)施(shi),特別是消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)給水管(guan)道和(he)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)栓,并挪作(zuo)他用。為了(le)(le)加(jia)強管(guan)理(li),一些新的村(cun)莊和(he)社(she)區在主要入(ru)口(kou)設(she)(she)置了(le)(le)鐵柵欄和(he)隔離墩,堵塞(sai)了(le)(le)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)通道。這些人(ren)為因素加(jia)劇了(le)(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公共消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)。同時,由于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)化戰略的不(bu)斷(duan)推進(jin),全(quan)國各地的小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮建(jian)設(she)(she)發展(zhan)迅速(su),小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮工(gong)業化進(jin)程明顯加(jia)快(kuai),特別是大(da)量工(gong)廠的建(jian)設(she)(she),導(dao)致農村(cun)許多(duo)天然溝渠、河(he)流(liu)湖泊被填埋(mai)。一旦發生涉(she)及大(da)量人(ren)員(yuan)傷亡的惡性火災事故,將因缺乏消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)水源而造成(cheng)重大(da)損(sun)失。
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